TOPICS: Genetic mutations, genetic alterations, genetic exchange, virulence, random mutation, phase variation, antigenic variation, transformation, conjugation, generalized transduction, specialized transduction, horizontal transfer, vertical transfer, F+ cell, F- cell, plasmid, Hfr cell, bacteriophage, lytic phage, lytic cycle, lysogenic phage, lysogenic cycle, prophage, lysogenic conversion, antibiotic resistance, phase variation, sex pilus, antigen, recombinant plasmid, recombinant F- cell, restriction modification, DNAases, restriction endonucleases, transposons