TOPICS: Cardiac output, left sided heart failure, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, cephalization of vessels, kerley B lines, increased cardiothoracic ratio, HFrEF, systolic heart failure, HFpEF, diastolic heart failure, right sided heart failure, cor pulmonale, jvd, peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, nutmeg liver, cardiac cirrhosis, pulmonary hypertension, obstructive lung disease, chronic hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, restrictive lung disease, mechanical compression, pressure volume loops, decreased contractility, decreased compliance, ACEi, ARB, beta blockers, potassium sparing diuretics, hydralazine, nitrates, loop/thiazide diuretics, digoxin